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Peterhead (; (スコットランド・ゲール語:Ceann Phàdraig),〔According to ( Iain Mac an Tàilleir's list of placenames ), "The name Ceann Phàdraig (headland" ) is a fairly recent translation from English. The town was known as Inbhir Ùigidh, "mouth of the Ugie" or Inverugie, in the eastern Gaelic speaking areas."〕 )〔(Scots Language Centre: Scottish Place Names in Scots )〕 is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is Aberdeenshire's biggest settlement (the city of Aberdeen itself not being a part of the district), with a population of 18,537 at the 2011 Census.〔 Peterhead sits at the easternmost point in mainland Scotland. It is often referred to as ''The Blue Toon'' (Locally spelt as "The Bloo Toon") and people who were born there as ''Blue Tooners'' (Locally spelt as "Bloo Tooners"). More correctly they are called ''Bloomogganners'', supposedly from the blue worsted stockings that the fishermen originally wore. ==History== Peterhead was founded by fishermen and was developed as a planned settlement. In 1593 the construction of Peterhead's first harbour, Port Henry, encouraged the growth of Peterhead as a fishing port and established a base for trade. Peterhead was a Jacobite supporting town in the Jacobite risings of 1715 and 1745. In particular, it was one of the Episcopalian north-eastern ports where reinforcements, plus money and equipment, were periodically landed from France during the Forty-Five.〔C. Duffy, ''The 45'' (2003), p. 352〕 A lifeboat station was first established in 1865.〔(Brief History of Peterhead Lifeboat Station ) www.peterheadlifeboat.co.uk, accessed 15 July 2008〕 Since early times Peterhead has received a portion of its water supply from Morris Wells.〔C. Michael Hogan. 2008. (''Catto Long Barrow fieldnotes'', The Modern Antiquarian )〕 Peterhead convict prison was opened in 1888, gaining a reputation as one of Scotland's toughest prisons. The present harbour has two massive breakwaters, enclosing an area of approximately 300 acres in Peterhead bay. The south breakwater, about 2700 ft long, was constructed in 1892–1912 using convict labour from the prison. The north breakwater, constructed 1912–56, is approximately 1500 ft long.〔R. Paxton and J. Shipway, (2007) Civil Engineering heritage: Scotland – Highlands and Islands, London: Thomas Telford Ltd. () ''Sample Chapter''〕 A new phase of growth was initiated in the 1970s with Peterhead becoming a major oil industry service centre, and the completion of the nearby St Fergus gas terminal. At this time, considerable land holdings were allocated for industrial development. In recent times, the town has suffered from several high profile company closures and is facing a number of pressures, including Common Fisheries Policy reforms. However, it retains a relatively diverse economy, including food processing, textiles, service industries and, still importantly, fishing. (Over 90,000 tonnes of fish, with a value of around £60m are now landed at Peterhead, which is still also base to over 550 fishermen.) The Peterhead Port Authority plans to extend the northern breakwater as a stimulus to the town's economic development. In addition, to assist with business diversification and town centre environmental improvements, the 'Peterhead Project' initiative under the Aberdeenshire Towns Partnership brings together the Council, Scottish Enterprise Grampian, Communities Scotland, commerce and community representatives. Until April 2005, the Royal Air Force station RAF Buchan was located near the town. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peterhead」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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